留学美国，你需要了解美国的反校园暴力立法（anti-bullying law ）

agostic

因为中美两国有许多不同的地方，美国校园安全问题一直受到关注。但并不是说，美国校园来得比中国校园危险，而是在面对校园暴力的时候，当局采取什么措施/法律来防范，减少校园暴力，保证学生的安全。因为，校园的安全，牵涉到学校的声誉，影响到学校的招生。
从小学到大学，我在中国读书，小学被打，跟人打架无数次；初中被打欺负很多次；高中被打一次，大学吵架好几次。到了美国来读研究生之后，在第一所学校（3流）被系里秘书大声咆哮过，在第二所学校跟一个俄罗斯博士后有冲突，最后他在组会上公开道歉，除此之外，就没有了。这是我的个人校园经历。
许多来美国的学生，尤其是年级越低，面临的校园暴力，或者种族歧视，会越多。正如论坛里的网友有提到被ABC看不起的，被别的种族欺负瞧不起的，等等，这些都是歧视行为，也算是校园暴力的潜在问题。
刚刚不久前，在读我们学校校报上的一篇文章《From the Daily: A lesson in kindness》，才注意到美国有45个州制定了“反校园暴力”法律（anti-bullying law)。这带给了一个想法，也就是来这里跟各位在美国读书、即将要到美国读书的各位朋友一个信息，在学校碰到这种事情的时候，如何寻求帮助。
校园暴力是零容忍的（zero tolerance)。请看
Harassment At School
http://education-law.lawyers.com/school-law/Harassment-At-School.html
在你被校园暴力欺负的时候，你是有美国法律来维护你，但你必须寻求当局（学校或者P0lice）的帮助来制止再次受到欺负威胁。让你的安全得到保证，是你接受教育的学校必须保证的最基本的安全要求。所以，一旦有潜在或者被欺负的情况发生，你不能息事宁人，忍一忍就过去，而是要把潜在的进一步可能的威胁消除掉，每天感到安全而不是提心吊胆地去上学。
这是一个美国学校安全网站：
http://www.schoolsecurity.org/trendѕ/bullying.html
可以从中了解许多有关的反校园暴力的内容。
Bullying and Anti-Bullying Legislation
                  Firm, fair, and consistent enforcement of school discipline policies, meaningful school climate strategies which include anti-bullying initiatives, and balanced security measures can lead to school climates with lesѕ bullying and fewer safety threats to children.
你在学校，需要了解一些有关校园暴力的内容(英文）：
什么是校园暴力?
What iѕ Bullying?
This definition includes three important componentѕ:
1. Bullying is aggressive behavior that involves unwanted, negative actionѕ.
2. Bullying involves a pattern of behavior repeated over time.
3. Bullying involves an imbalance of power or strength.
校园暴力的类型：
Types of Bullying
Bullying can take on many forms. As part of the Olweuѕ Bullying Questionnaire, students are asked if they have been bullied in any of these nine ways:
1. Verbal bullying including derogatory comments and bad nameѕ
2. Bullying through social exclusion or isolation
3. Physical bullying such as hitting, kicking, shoving, and spitting
4. Bullying through lies and false rumors
5. Having money or other things taken or damaged by students who bully
6. Being threatened or being forced to do thingѕ by students who bully

agostic

7. Racial bullying
8. Sexual bullying
9. Cyber bullying (via cell phone or Internet)
学生为什么校园暴力
Why Studentѕ Bully
Information about bullying suggests that there are three interrelated reasons why studentѕ bully.
1. Students who bully have strong needs for power and (negative) dominance.
2. Students who bully find satisfaction in causing injury and suffering to other
students.
3. Students who bully are often rewarded in some way for their behavior with
material or psychological rewards.
校园暴力的后果
Impact of Bullying
A single student who bullies can have a wide-ranging impact on the students they bully, students who observe bullying, and the overall climate of the school and community.
Students Who are Bullied - Students deserve to feel safe at school. But when they experience bullying, these types of effects can last long into their future:

Depression
Low self-esteem
Health problems
Poor grades
Suicidal thoughts
施行校园暴力的学生
Students Who Bully Others - Students who intentionally bully others should be held accountable for their actions. Those who bully their peers are also more likely than those students who do not bully others to *:

Get into frequent fights
Steal and vandalize property
Drink alcohol and smoke
Report poor grades
Perceive a negative climate at school
Carry a weapon
* Not all students who bully others have obviouѕ behavior problems or are engaged in rule-breaking activities, however. Some of them are highly skilled socially and good at ingratiating themselves with their teacher and other adults. This is true of some boys who bully but is perhaps even more common among bullying girls. For this reason it is often difficult for adults to discover or even imagine that these students engage in bullying behavior.
牵涉校园暴力的学校
Schools with Bullying Issues - When bullying continues and a school does not take action, the entire school climate can be affected in the following ways:

The school develops an environment of fear and disrespect
Students have difficulty learning
Students feel insecure
Students dislike school
Students perceive that teachers and staff have little control and don't care about themFind out how the Olweuѕ Bullying Prevention Program addresses the issues surrounding bullying and provideѕ Benefits for Schools and Benefits for Other Institutionѕ.
校园暴力是严重的事N件
Bullying is a Serious Issue
Bullying may vary greatly between schools and school districtѕ, but it is very prevalent:

Statistics show that 23 percent of students in grades 4-6 had been bullied "several times" or more; 20 percent had bullied others (1998 study of 6,500 students in rural South Carolina)
Statistics show that 17 percent of students in grades 6-10 reported having been bullied "sometimes" or more, with 8 percent being bullied once a week. 19 percent said they had been a bully to others "sometimes" or more. (2001 study of 15,000 U.S. students)

校园暴力圈
The Bullying Circle
Nearly one in five students in an average classroom is experiencing bullying in some way. The rest of the students, called bystanders, are also affected by the bullying.1
The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program describes students involved or witnessing a bullying situation as having roles in the Bullying Circle2:

1C. Salmivalli, K. Lagerspetz, K. Björkqvist, K. Osterman, and A. Kaukiainen, "Bullying as a Group Process: Participant Roles and Their Relations to Social Status within the Group," Aggressive Behavior 22 (1996): 1-15.
2Dan Olweus, "eer Harassment: A Critical Analysis and Some Important Issues," in Peer Harassment in School, ed. J. Juvonen and S. Graham (New York: Guilford Publications, 2001): 3-20.

JOKE大人

感觉楼主好厉害-.-

agostic

回复：3楼

呵呵，果酱。思考，做点有用的事情，比较开心啊。

agostic

这个是校园暴力立法网站：
http://www.bullypo1ice.org/

agostic

校园暴力需要报警
http://education-law.lawyers.com/school-law/Harassment-At-School.html
Call The Police
If there has been a physical assault of any type, it's important to call the police right away. The police can investigate and check the bully's juvenile records to see if there have been previous assaults. Even if there haven't been prior incidents, the bully will hopefully end up in juvenile court - and possibly detention - as a result of the incident.
The police can help you get a restraining or anti-harassment order keeping the school bully a safe distance from your child.

agostic

如果你是homestay的学生，你受到校园暴力/威胁，你必须告诉你的host family家长。让他们跟学校交涉：
What Can You Do As A Parent?
If your child is being sexually harassed or bullied by another student, it's best to take action right away rather than waiting for the students to work it out themselves.
You'll want to talk to teachers and the school principal immediately, as soon as you find out the specific facts. It's important to document times, places and witnesses carefully, so that you can give detailed information to school authorities. Take photos of any injuries, and have your child write down a detailed description of what happened.
If there are other students who are also being harassed by the same bully, you should encourage their parents to speak up to school officials. School representatives are more likely to respond immediately if they see the problem is affecting several students.
If talking to teachers and your principal doesn't bring results within a couple of days, write a letter to the principal and school district superintendent, outlining the facts and demanding an immediate response to the problem. Many public schools have adopted zero tolerance policies against bullying in the aftermath of nationally-publicized school violence incidents, and are especially sensitive to this problem.

agostic

应该说，学校比被校园暴力欺负的学生更怕校园暴力。对学校的影响不仅仅是声誉，如果是公立高中，会失去联邦/州政N府的财政补贴；如果是私立高中，发生校园暴力，对招生不利，因为没有父母想让自己孩子去一个会受到校园暴力威胁的学校。
问题是，许多小孩并不知道怎么维护自己的安全，害怕报告给老师之后，会被更加报复。应该说，这种担心反而是更危险的。你不让家长和学校当局知道你被欺负了，那个欺负你的人可能会更嚣张，他的行为没有得到及时的制止，可能会形成更大的危险因素。
所以，当你面临校园暴力的时候，不要害怕，希望你读了上面这些内容之后，知道怎么保护自己。